Armadale

CLT Passive House Apartments and Medical Centre

Project Overview

The proposal at Wattletree Road, Armadale was designed for the same client as the Clayton Road project, with a similar brief: a ground floor neurosurgery medical centre below residential apartments, designed in prefabricated cross-laminated timber to Passive House performance targets. I was recruited to CHT Architects specifically to lead both projects based on my CLT and Passive House expertise, and I was responsible for this project from the completed feasibility study onward until leaving the practice in October 2017.

The site presented specific constraints around rear laneway access, basement retention, flood levels and the proximity of neighbouring properties. A single pedestrian entrance from Wattletree Road served the residential component, with a separate entrance from the street and laneway for the medical centre, controlled via a security system providing independent access to each use.

The most significant aspect of this project was the planning strategy. The local zoning was under review with proposed amendments to the Residential Growth Zone and Design and Development Overlay limits. We prepared submissions regarding the proposed amendments that were accepted by council. The process took considerably longer than anticipated but the outcome was favourable: the approved amendments permitted an additional storey of six apartments, increasing the project’s yield and efficiency substantially. Anticipating the adoption of the amendment, the client took the calculated risk of proceeding with the larger scheme as the basis for detailed design and documentation, a decision that proved correct.

Demolition of the existing building was completed. The project has since been sold to a new developer and redesigned by Life Architects as the Wattletree Pavilion, a boutique development of eight luxury three and four-bedroom apartments now under construction. The planning work and structural resolution undertaken during our design phase has directly contributed to the viability of the current development.

This project is gratefully featured with the permission of CHT Architects (now trading as Life Architects), in whose employ it was designed. The design remains their intellectual property.

Project Details

  • Location: 93 Wattletree Road, Armadale VIC 3143
  • Project Type: Mixed Use, Apartments and Medical Centre
  • Standard: Passive House Performance Target
  • Construction: Prefabricated CLT superstructure, concrete basement
  • Residential: Multiple apartments over multiple levels
  • Ground Floor: Neurosurgery medical centre
  • Basement: Vehicle stackers, mezzanine for storage and bicycles
  • Status: Planning approved, sold and redesigned as Wattletree Pavilion
  • Structural Engineer: Rob Nestic, STFAB/TGA Engineers
  • Design Practice: CHT Architects (now Life Architects)
  • Project Architect and Passive House Designer: Niall O Healaithe
  • Current Development: Wattletree Pavilion by Life Architects, under construction
  • Featured with permission of Life Architects

Design and Architecture

Healthy Low Carbon Living

The design was inspired by a memorable experience watching Tasmanian lumberjacks chopping logs with axes.  The façade represents these deep chops  and bladework indentations into the solid billets of cross laminated timber from which the project would be built.   In this case they would be precision machined by CNC and provide privacy, sound buffering and shading for the apartments.  

It applies same structural logic developed for the Clayton Road project. Working with Rob Nestic of STFAB/TGA Engineers, the entire superstructure above the ground floor slab was designed in cross-laminated timber, including the core, stairs and boundary walls. There are no steel columns or beams anywhere in the structure above ground. By stacking panel walls and limiting floor spans, structural efficiency was achieved without transfer elements, maximising internal floor areas and daylight while minimising material use and embodied carbon.

The basement was designed efficiently for a tight site with extensive parking and services requirements. Vehicle stackers, a mezzanine level for storage and bicycles, and a separate services zone were coordinated within the retention structure. Access from the rear laneway required careful resolution with traffic engineers.

The zoning amendment process and the subsequent decision to develop the larger approved scheme required confident design leadership and close collaboration with the client, planning consultant, structural engineer and the full consultant team. Designing the documentation around a planning outcome that had not yet been formally adopted involved real risk management and a detailed understanding of the council process, which the successful outcome validated.

Sustainability and Passive House Performance

As with the Clayton Road project, Passive House Planning Package analysis was undertaken throughout the design process to verify that the envelope, glazing and systems specifications would achieve the performance targets. Thermal bridging calculations were prepared at every structural junction and coordinated with the CLT structural design to eliminate thermal bridging through the building envelope.

The all-CLT superstructure provides continuous insulation, inherent airtightness and a significantly lower embodied carbon profile than an equivalent concrete building. The CLT also performs as the finished interior surface in key areas, providing the warmth and natural material quality that distinguishes timber buildings from conventional apartment construction.

Cross-ventilated apartments with accessible gardens and north-facing aspects for natural light were maintained throughout the design revisions required by planning conditions, ensuring the passive design principles were not compromised by the process of obtaining and satisfying the permit.

What is a Passive House?

What are CLT & Modern Methods of Construction?

Cross-laminated timber is particularly well suited to multi-residential construction for reasons that go beyond its environmental credentials.

Factory fabrication under controlled conditions produces panels of consistent quality and dimensional accuracy that are difficult to achieve with conventional on-site construction, and the CNC precision of the cutting process means every opening, penetration and connection is resolved before the first panel arrives on site. This reduces construction programme time significantly, which is valuable on a constrained urban site opposite a major hospital where extended disruption to neighbours and traffic is a genuine concern.

The environmental case is equally compelling. CLT stores carbon for the life of the building rather than emitting it during manufacture, as concrete and steel do. Eliminating reinforced concrete from the superstructure removes one of the most carbon-intensive elements of conventional apartment construction. Combined with the Passive House performance target, which dramatically reduces operational energy over the building’s lifetime, this project was designed to achieve a genuinely low whole-of-life carbon footprint at a scale where such outcomes are rarely attempted in Australia.

For Passive House specifically, the dimensional precision of prefabricated CLT panels makes achieving the required airtightness thresholds significantly more reliable than conventional construction. Sealing the junctions between consistently manufactured panels is a far more controlled process than sealing the irregular interfaces that result from on-site timber framing. This is why many certified Passive House projects globally, and our own residential projects in Australia, use engineered timber construction systems rather than conventional construction.

Read our full guide to CLT and Modern Methods of Construction

Acknowledgement and attribution

This project and the Clayton Road development were both part of the same body of work I led for the same client during my time at CHT Architects. now Life Architects, a large practice of over eighty people then in Collingwood (now Abbottsford) working across residential, aged care, educational and commercial projects.

Working under director David Carabott and a strong senior team including Mark Bird, Felipe Strahovsky, Jim Tsoukatos, Anna Marinelli, Mark Spraggon and Michael Bouteloup, I led several significant projects beyond Wattletree Road.

These included Wills Place, a 39-storey residential tower now completed at 17-23 Wills Street, Melbourne, 70 apartments at 29-31 Queens Avenue, Hawthorn, and the transformation of the practice’s heritage offices at Oxford Street, Collingwood into short-stay apartments and mixed commercial space.

It was a work hard, play hard culture that gave me a deep understanding of property development: yield, efficiency, buildability, financing and the commercial realities that shape how large projects are delivered. That knowledge has been genuinely useful in practice.   My practice ethos seeks to combine these sensibilities with sustainable long-term performance and low embodied carbon. 

The scale and pace of CHT, with a large team delivering complex projects simultaneously, built a capability and confidence in managing big, complicated things that has stayed with me.

David shares a love of sailing and AFL football. We agreed on most things except his conviction that a colour palette need not extend much beyond the black and white of his footy team!  

Working under Mark Bird’s mentorship through this period was also pivotal to my obtaining my building designer registration and completing my architectural re-registration in Victoria. I represented the practice in the architecture soccer league and played in the staff band, which tells you something about the people-focused culture David built.

This project is featured with the permission of Life Architects. The design remains their intellectual property. Images and content are reproduced here for portfolio reference purposes only as examples of my experience in multi-residential Passive House and CLT Projects.

Life Architects can be found at lifearchitecture.com.au.

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